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Professor Lemuria Carter

Professor Lemuria Carter

Professor
Business School
School of Information Systems and Technology Management

Dr. Lemuria Carter is a Professor in the School of Information Systems and Technology Management at the University of New South Wales. Her research interests include technology adoption, digital government and information privacy. She has published in several top-tier journals including theJournal of the Association for Information Systems, European Journal of Information Systems, Journal of Strategic Information Systems, Information Systems Journal and Decision Support Systems. She has served as the e-government track and mini-track chair for the Americas Conference on Information Systems and the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, respectively. Her research has been funded by the Institute for Homeland Security Solutions and the Southeastern Transportation Institute in the United States.

Location
UNSW Business School | UNSW Sydney Room 2096, Level 2 Quadrangle Building, UNSW Sydney 2052
  • Books | 2011
    Carter L, 2011, Foreword,
  • Book Chapters | 2018
    Rufin R; Belanger F; Molina CM; Carter LD; Sanchez Figueroa JC, 2018, 'A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Electronic Government Adoption in Spain and the USA', in Technology Adoption and Social Issues: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, pp. 476 - 493,
    Book Chapters | 2018
    2018, 'Ethics and social networking: An interdisciplinary approach to evaluating online information disclosure', in Censorship, Surveillance, and Privacy: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, Information Resources Management Association (USA) / IGI Global, Hershey, PA, pp. 1893 - 1923,
    Book Chapters | 2015
    Wamba SF; Carter L, 2015, 'Social media tools adoption and use by SMEs: An empirical study', in Social Media and Networking: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, pp. 791 - 806,
    Book Chapters | 2012
    Millington P; Carter L, 2012, 'Rational choice theory: Using the fundamentals of human behavior to tackle the digital divide', in Public Sector Transformation through E-Government: Experiences from Europe and North America, pp. 140 - 151,
    Book Chapters | 2012
    Millington P; Carter L, 2012, 'Using prospect theory to explore the digital divide', in Technology as a Tool for Diversity Leadership: Implementation and Future Implications, pp. 49 - 61,
    Book Chapters | 2009
    Carter LD; Schaupp LC, 2009, 'E-file adoption: Diffusion, experience, and trust', in Handbook of Research on ICT-enabled Transformational Government: A Global Perspective, pp. 429 - 440,
  • Journal articles | 2023
    Dwivedi YK; Kshetri N; Hughes L; Slade EL; Jeyaraj A; Kar AK; Baabdullah AM; Koohang A; Raghavan V; Ahuja M; Albanna H; Albashrawi MA; Al-Busaidi AS; Balakrishnan J; Barlette Y; Basu S; Bose I; Brooks L; Buhalis D; Carter L; Chowdhury S; Crick T; Cunningham SW; Davies GH; Davison RM; Dé R; Dennehy D; Duan Y; Dubey R; Dwivedi R; Edwards JS; Flavián C; Gauld R; Grover V; Hu MC; Janssen M; Jones P; Junglas I; Khorana S; Kraus S; Larsen KR; Latreille P; Laumer S; Malik FT; Mardani A; Mariani M; Mithas S; Mogaji E; Nord JH; O'Connor S; Okumus F; Pagani M; Pandey N; Papagiannidis S; Pappas IO; Pathak N; Pries-Heje J; Raman R; Rana NP; Rehm SV; Ribeiro-Navarrete S; Richter A; Rowe F; Sarker S; Stahl BC; Tiwari MK; van der Aalst W; Venkatesh V; Viglia G; Wade M; Walton P; Wirtz J; Wright R, 2023, '“So what if ChatGPT wrote it?” Multidisciplinary perspectives on opportunities, challenges and implications of generative conversational AI for research, practice and policy', International Journal of Information Management, 71,
    Journal articles | 2023
    Kumar K; Liu D; Carter L, 2023, 'Understanding the adoption of digital conferencing tools: Unpacking the impact of privacy concerns and incident response efficacy', Computers and Security, 132,
    Journal articles | 2022
    Charles V; Rana NP; Carter L, 2022, 'Artificial Intelligence for data-driven decision-making and governance in public affairs', Government Information Quarterly, 39,
    Journal articles | 2022
    Llamzon RB; Ter Chian Tan F; Carter L, 2022, 'Toward an information systems alignment framework in the wake of exogenous shocks: Insights from a literature review', International Journal of Information Management, 63,
    Journal articles | 2022
    Pan SL; Carter L; Tim Y; Sandeep MS, 2022, 'Digital sustainability, climate change, and information systems solutions: Opportunities for future research', International Journal of Information Management, 63,
    Journal articles | 2021
    Lin J; Carter L; Liu D, 2021, 'Privacy concerns and digital government: exploring citizen willingness to adopt the COVIDSafe app', European Journal of Information Systems,
    Journal articles | 2021
    Smith KJ; Dhillon G; Carter L, 2021, 'User values and the development of a cybersecurity public policy for the IoT', International Journal of Information Management, 56,
    Journal articles | 2021
    2021, 'Analyzing e-government design science artifacts: A systematic literature review', International Journal of Information Management,
    Journal articles | 2020
    Carter L; Liu D; Caley C, 2020, 'Exploring the Intersection of the Digital Divide and Artificial Intelligence: A Hermeneutic Literature', AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction,
    Journal articles | 2020
    McBride M; Carter L; Phillips B, 2020, 'Integrating the theory of planned behavior and behavioral attitudes to explore texting among young drivers in the US', International Journal of Information Management, 50, pp. 365 - 374,
    Journal articles | 2019
    Thomas MA; Cipolla J; Lambert B; Carter L, 2019, 'Data management maturity assessment of public sector agencies', Government Information Quarterly, 36,
    Journal articles | 2017
    Kurkalova LA; Carter L, 2017, 'Sustainable production: Using simulation modeling to identify the benefits of green information systems', Decision Support Systems, 96, pp. 83 - 91,
    Journal articles | 2017
    2017, 'How Does the World Connect? Exploring the Global Diffusion of Social Networking Sites', Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 68, pp. 1875 - 1885,
    Journal articles | 2016
    Carter L; McFadden-Wade G; Wells JT, 2016, 'Exploring the Impact of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Perceptions of E-Filing Success', International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age, 3, pp. 43 - 52,
    Journal articles | 2016
    Carter L; Weerakkody V; Phillips B; Dwivedi YK, 2016, 'Citizen Adoption of E-Government Services: Exploring Citizen Perceptions of Online Services in the United States and United Kingdom', Information Systems Management, 33, pp. 124 - 140,
    Journal articles | 2016
    Johnston AC; Warkentin M; McBride M; Carter L, 2016, 'Dispositional and situational factors: influences on information security policy violations', European Journal of Information Systems, 25, pp. 231 - 251,
    Journal articles | 2016
    Larosiliere GD; Carter LD, 2016, 'Using a Fit-Viability Approach to Explore the Determinants of E-Government Maturity', Journal of Computer Information Systems, 56, pp. 271 - 279,
    Journal articles | 2016
    Schaupp LC; Carter L, 2016, 'Ethics and Social Networking: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Evaluating Online Information Disclosure', International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering, 6, pp. 1 - 28,
    Journal articles | 2015
    Carter L; Corneille M; Hall-Byers N; Clark T; Younge S, 2015, 'Exploring User Acceptance of a Text-message Base Health Intervention among Young African Americans', AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction, 7, pp. 110 - 124,
    Journal articles | 2015
    Crumbly J; Carter L, 2015, 'The impact of information technology on product recalls: Exploring the role of the six "ts" of supply chain management', Production Planning and Control, 26, pp. 958 - 968,
    Journal articles | 2014
    Rufin R; Belanger F; Molina CM; Carter L; Figueroa JC S, 2014, 'A cross-cultural comparison of electronic government adoption in spain and the USA', International Journal of Electronic Government Research, 10, pp. 43 - 59,
    Journal articles | 2014
    Wamba SF; Carter L, 2014, 'Social media tools adoption and use by SMES: An empirical study', Journal of Organizational and End User Computing, 26, pp. 1 - 17,
    Journal articles | 2013
    Fosso Wamba S; Anand A; Carter L, 2013, 'A literature review of RFID-enabled healthcare applications and issues', International Journal of Information Management, 33, pp. 875 - 891,
    Journal articles | 2013
    Wamba SF; Anand A; Carter L, 2013, 'RFID Applications, Issues, Methods and Theory: A Review of the AIS Basket of TOP journals', Procedia Technology, 9, pp. 421 - 430,
    Journal articles | 2012
    Bélanger F; Carter L, 2012, 'Digitizing Government interactions with constituents: An historical review of E-Government research in information systems', Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 13, pp. 363 - 394,
    Journal articles | 2012
    Carter L; Bélanger F, 2012, 'Internet voting and political participation: An empirical comparison of technological and political factors', Data Base for Advances in Information Systems, 43, pp. 26 - 46,
    Journal articles | 2012
    Carter L; Campbell RL, 2012, 'Internet voting usefulness: An empirical analysis of trust, convenience and accessibility', Journal of Organizational and End User Computing, 24, pp. 1 - 17,
    Journal articles | 2012
    Carter L; Phillips B; Millington P, 2012, 'The impact of information technology internal controls on firm performance', Journal of Organizational and End User Computing, 24, pp. 39 - 49,
    Journal articles | 2012
    Carter L; Schaupp LC; Hobbs J; Campbell R, 2012, 'E-government utilization: Understanding the impact of reputation and risk', International Journal of Electronic Government Research, 8, pp. 83 - 97,
    Journal articles | 2012
    McBride M; Carter L; Ntuen C, 2012, 'The impact of personality on nurses' bias towards automated decision aid acceptance', International Journal of Information Systems and Change Management, 6, pp. 132 - 146,
    Journal articles | 2011
    Carter L; Campbell R, 2011, 'The impact of trust and relative advantage on internet voting diffusion', Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 6, pp. 28 - 42,
    Journal articles | 2011
    Carter L; Christian Shaupp L; Hobbs J; Campbell R, 2011, 'The role of security and trust in the adoption of online tax filing', Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 5, pp. 303 - 318,
    Journal articles | 2010
    Carter L; Janssen M; Dwivedi YK, 2010, 'E-government theory and practice', International Journal of Electronic Government Research, 6
    Journal articles | 2010
    Irani Z; Carter L; Mcbride A, 2010, 'Information privacy concerns and egovernment: a research agenda', Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 4, pp. 10 - 13,
    Journal articles | 2010
    Schaupp LC; Carter L; McBride ME, 2010, 'E-file adoption: A study of U.S. taxpayers' intentions', Computers in Human Behavior, 26, pp. 636 - 644,
    Journal articles | 2010
    Schaupp LC; Carter L, 2010, 'The impact of trust, risk and optimism bias on e-file adoption', Information Systems Frontiers, 12, pp. 299 - 309,
    Journal articles | 2009
    Bélanger F; Carter L, 2009, 'The impact of the digital divide on e-government use', Communications of the ACM, 52, pp. 132 - 135,
    Journal articles | 2009
    Carter L; Schaupp LC, 2009, 'Relating acceptance and optimism to e-file adoption', International Journal of Electronic Government Research, 5, pp. 62 - 74,
    Journal articles | 2008
    Bélanger F; Carter L, 2008, 'Trust and risk in e-government adoption', Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 17, pp. 165 - 176,
    Journal articles | 2008
    Carter L; Weerakkody V, 2008, 'E-government adoption: A cultural comparison', Information Systems Frontiers, 10, pp. 473 - 482,
    Journal articles | 2008
    Carter L, 2008, 'E-government diffusion: A comparison of adoption constructs', Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 2, pp. 147 - 161,
    Journal articles | 2008
    Hanshaw S; Carter L, 2008, 'Using information technology for strategic growth from single-mission transportation company to multi-faceted global logistics corporation', Journal of Cases on Information Technology, 10, pp. 10 - 20,
    Journal articles | 2005
    Bélanger F; Carter LD; Schaupp LC, 2005, 'U-government: a framework for the evolution of e-government', Electronic Government, 2, pp. 426 - 445,
    Journal articles | 2005
    Carter L; Bélanger F, 2005, 'The utilization of e-government services: Citizen trust, innovation and acceptance factors', Information Systems Journal, 15, pp. 5 - 25,
    Journal articles | 2005
    Schaupp LC; Carter L, 2005, 'E-voting: From apathy to adoption', Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 18, pp. 586 - 601,
  • Conference Papers | 2023
    LLAMZON R; Tan F; Carter L, 2023, 'Policy as Alignment Apparatus: A Case Study of Cascading Policy Effects on a Healthcare Information System Implementation', Nanchang, China, presented at Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, Nanchang, China, 08 July 2023,
    Conference Papers | 2022
    Carter L; Grimmelikhuijsen S; Gascó-Hernández M; Bannister F, 2022, 'Introduction to the Digital Government and Artificial Intelligence Minitrack', in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 2310
    Conference Papers | 2022
    2022, 'Digital Government Theory: Development and Application', in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 2377
    Conference Papers | 2022
    2022, 'Introduction to the Minitrack on Digital Government and AI', in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, presented at Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,
    Conference Papers | 2021
    2021, 'Introduction to the Minitrack on Digital Government Theory: Development and Application', in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, presented at Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,
    Conference Papers | 2020
    2020, 'Digital government theory: Development and application', in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 2113
    Conference Papers | 2020
    2020, 'Introduction to the Minitrack on Digital Government Theory: Development and Application', in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Virtual, pp. 2089 - 2089, presented at Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Virtual, 07 January 2020 - 10 January 2020,
    Conference Papers | 2020
    2020, 'Introduction to the Minitrack on Digital Government Theory: Development and Application', in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, presented at Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,
    Conference Papers | 2019
    2019, 'Foreword', in ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pp. I
    Conference Papers | 2019
    2019, 'Introduction to digital government theory: Development, integration, and application minitrack', in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 2922
    Conference Papers | 2019
    2019, 'Introduction to the Minitrack on Digital Government Theory: Development, Integration, and Application', in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, presented at Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,
    Conference Papers | 2018
    Carter L; Liu D, 2018, 'Technology humanness, trust and e-government adoption', in ACIS 2018 - 29th Australasian Conference on Information Systems
    Conference Papers | 2018
    Liu D; Carter L, 2018, 'Impact of citizens' privacy concerns on e-government adoption', in Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research: Governance in the Data Age, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Delft, The Netherlands, presented at The 19th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research: Governance in the Data Age, Delft, The Netherlands, 30 May 2018 - 01 June 2018,
    Conference Papers | 2018
    Scholl HJ; Carter L, 2018, 'Introduction to the Electronic Government Track', in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, presented at Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,
    Conference Papers | 2018
    2018, 'Panel: Blockchain applications in government', in ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, Delft, The Netherlands, presented at The 19th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research: Governance in the Data Age, Delft, The Netherlands, 30 May 2018 - 01 June 2018,
    Conference Papers | 2018
    2018, 'Session details: Blockchain and transformational government', in Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research: Governance in the Data Age, ACM, presented at dg.o '18: 19th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research,
    Conference Papers | 2018
    2018, 'Technology humanness, trust and e-government adoption', in ACIS 2018 - 29th Australasian Conference on Information Systems,
    Conference Papers | 2017
    Osei-Bryson KM; Carter L, 2017, 'Toward an assessment of cultural relativity and impacts of ICT interventions: Assessing ICT4D at the national level', in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 2610 - 2617
    Conference Papers | 2016
    Carter L; McBride M, 2016, 'Texting while driving among teens: Exploring user perceptions to identify policy recommendations', in ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pp. 375 - 378,
    Conference Papers | 2016
    Carter L; Schaupp LC; Moore JH, 2016, 'Introduction to the services and information minitrack', in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 2892,
    Conference Papers | 2016
    McBride M; Carter L, 2016, 'Teen texting while driving: Factors influencing this epidemic behavior', in Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, pp. 1645 - 1649,
    Conference Papers | 2015
    Carter L; McBride M, 2015, 'Distracted Driving among Teens: How can We Educate and Protect Our Youth?', in Procedia Engineering, pp. 485 - 487,
    Conference Papers | 2015
    Crumbly J; Carter L, 2015, 'Social Media and Humanitarian Logistics: The Impact of Task-technology Fit on New Service Development', in Procedia Engineering, pp. 412 - 416,
    Conference Papers | 2015
    Larosiliere GD; Meske C; Carter LD, 2015, 'Determinants of social network adoption: A country-level analysis', in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 3424 - 3433,
    Conference Papers | 2015
    Schaupp LC; Carter L, 2015, 'Introduction to services and information Minitrack', in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 2308,
    Conference Papers | 2014
    Carter L; Schaupp LC; Almazán RS, 2014, 'Introduction to E-government services and information mini-track', in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 2178,
    Conference Papers | 2014
    Carter L; Thatcher JB; Wright R, 2014, 'Social media and emergency management: Exploring state and local tweets', in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 1968 - 1977,
    Conference Papers | 2014
    Carter L, 2014, 'Internet voting: Exploring the role of convenience', in 20th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2014
    Conference Papers | 2014
    Corneille M; Carter L; Hall-Byers NM; Clark T; Younge S, 2014, 'Exploring user acceptance of a text-message based health intervention', in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 2759 - 2767,
    Conference Papers | 2013
    Carter L; Schaupp LC; Zhang J, 2013, 'Introduction to E-government services and information mini-track', in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 1942,
    Conference Papers | 2013
    Crumbly J; Carter L, 2013, 'The impact of information technology on the six "Ts" of supply chain management', in 19th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2013 - Hyperconnected World: Anything, Anywhere, Anytime, pp. 3382 - 3391
    Conference Papers | 2013
    Gregory L; Lemuria C, 2013, 'An empirical study on the determinants of e-government maturity: A fit-viability perspective', in ECIS 2013 - Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Information Systems
    Conference Papers | 2013
    McBride M; Carter L; Ntuen C, 2013, 'Human-machine trust, bias and automated decision aid acceptance', in Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, pp. 349 - 353,
    Conference Papers | 2013
    Wamba SF; Carter L, 2013, 'Twitter adoption and use by SMEs: An empirical study', in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 2042 - 2049,
    Conference Papers | 2012
    Carter L; Zhang J; Schaupp LC, 2012, 'Introduction to e-government services and information mini-track', in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 2500,
    Conference Papers | 2012
    Warkentin M; Mcbride M; Carter L; Johnston AC, 2012, 'The role of individual characteristics on insider abuse intentions', in 18th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2012, AMCIS 2012, pp. 4833 - 4842
    Conference Papers | 2011
    McBride ME; Ntuen CA; Carter LD, 2011, 'A nursing diagnosis decision aid adoption assessment', in 17th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2011, AMCIS 2011, pp. 649
    Conference Papers | 2011
    Schaupp LC; Carter LD; Schaupp DL, 2011, 'Ethics in social networking: A framework for evaluating online information disclosure', in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,
    Conference Papers | 2010
    Bélanger F; Carter L, 2010, 'The digital divide and internet voting acceptance', in 4th International Conference on Digital Society, ICDS 2010, Includes CYBERLAWS 2010: The 1st International Conference on Technical and Legal Aspects of the e-Society, pp. 307 - 310,
    Conference Papers | 2010
    Dwivedi YK; Mustafee N; Carter LD; Williams MD, 2010, 'A bibliometric comparision of the usage of two theories of IS/IT acceptance (TAM and UTAUT)', in 16th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2010, AMCIS 2010, pp. 1342 - 1351
    Conference Papers | 2010
    Mills A; Carter L; Belanger F, 2010, 'Conceptualizing public service value in e-government services', in 16th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2010, AMCIS 2010, pp. 3325 - 3333
    Conference Papers | 2010
    Schaupp LC; Carter L; Hobbs J, 2010, 'Electronic tax filing: The impact of reputation and security on adoption', in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,
    Conference Papers | 2009
    Gharavi H; Carter L, 2009, 'A reflection on the use of structured case analysis: Infusion of information systems in a regulated sector', in 15th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2009, AMCIS 2009, pp. 3671 - 3678
    Conference Papers | 2009
    Schaupp LC; Carter L; Hobbs J, 2009, 'E-file adoption: A study of U.S. taxpayers' intentions', in Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS,
    Conference Papers | 2008
    Carter L; Christian Schaupp L, 2008, 'Efficacy and acceptance in E-file adoption', in 14th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2008, pp. 226 - 236
    Conference Papers | 2008
    Carter L; Schaupp LC; Evans A, 2008, 'Antecedents to e-file adoption: The U.S. perspective', in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,
    Conference Papers | 2007
    Carter L, 2007, 'E-government diffusion: A comparison of adoption constructs', in Association for Information Systems - 13th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2007: Reaching New Heights, pp. 2158 - 2172
    Conference Papers | 2006
    Bélanger F; Carter L, 2006, 'The effects of the digital divide on E-government: An empirical evaluation', in Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,
    Conference Papers | 2005
    Bélanger F; Carter L, 2005, 'Trust and risk in e-government adoption', in Association for Information Systems - 11th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2005: A Conference on a Human Scale, pp. 735 - 744
    Conference Papers | 2005
    Bélanger F; Harrington KV; Smith WJ; Kasper GM; Carter L, 2005, 'Coping strategies and emotional intelligence: New perspectives on computing students', in Association for Information Systems - 11th Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2005: A Conference on a Human Scale, pp. 1840 - 1848
    Conference Papers | 2004
    Carter L; Belanger F, 2004, 'Citizen adoption of electronic government initiatives', in Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 1895 - 1904,