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Dr Ben Milligan

Dr Ben Milligan

Scientia Fellow (Level C)
Law & Justice
School of Global & Public Law

Ben is aScientia Fellow based at the Environmental Law Cluster, Centre for Applied Economic Research, and Centre for Ecosystem Science. His interdisciplinaryresearch, teaching and advisory work focus on:

  • Use of environmental information in public policymaking —in particular public sector accounting for environmental assets and ecosystem services using standardised statistical frameworks and approaches, and cross-sectoral development planning informed by natural capitaland green growthapproaches and perspectives.
  • Design of legal, institutional and policy frameworks for sustainable development —including a focus on integrated governance of transnational economic sectors (marine, mining, energy), and national implementation of multilateral commitments concerning the environment.
E-mail
b.milligan@unsw.edu.au
  • Books | 2020
    Ayuk E; Pedro A; Ekins P; Gatune J; Milligan B, 2020, Mineral Resource Government in the 21st Century: Gearing extractive industries towards sustainable development, United Nations Environment Programme,
    Books | 2009
    Tsamenyi M; Palma MA; Milligan B; Mfodwo K, 2009, Fairer Fishing?, Commonwealth,
    Books | 2009
    Tsamenyi M, 2009, Fairer Fishing? The Impact on Developing Countries of the European Community Regulation on Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fisheries, Commonwealth Secretariat
  • Book Chapters | 2023
    Fenichel EP; Milligan B; Porras I; Addicott ET; Árnasson R; Bordt M; Djavidnia S; Dvarskas A; Goldman E; Grimsrud K; Lange G-M; Matuszak J; Muawanah U; Quaas M; Soulard F; Vestergaard N; Zhang J, 2023, 'National Accounting for the Ocean and Ocean Economy', in The Blue Compendium, Springer International Publishing, pp. 279 - 307,
    Book Chapters | 2021
    Bleby A; Holley C; Milligan B, 2021, 'Exploring the planetary boundaries and environmental law: historical development, interactions and synergies', in Kotzé L; French D (ed.), Research Handbook on Law, Governance and Planetary Boundaries, Edward Elgar, pp. 21 - 44,
    Book Chapters | 2018
    Milligan B; Macrory R, 2018, 'The history and evolution of legal principles concerning the environment', in Principles of Environmental Law, Edward Elgar Publishing,
    Book Chapters | 2017
    Yassin Mohammed E; Steinbach D; Steele P; Milligan B, 2017, 'Fiscal Reforms for Sustainable Marine Fisheries Governance: Institutional Frameworks and Design Essentials', in Handbook on the Economics and Management of Sustainable Oceans, Edward Elgar Publishing
    Book Chapters | 2013
    Milligan B, 2013, 'Marine protected areas in Antarctic waters: a review of policy options in the context of international law', in The Limits of Maritime Jurisdiction, Brill
    Book Chapters | 2013
    Milligan B, 2013, 'The Australia-Papua New Guinea Torres Strait Treaty: A model for co-operative management of the South China Sea?', in Beyond Territorial Disputes in the South China Sea: Legal Frameworks for the Joint Development of Hydrocarbon Resources, pp. 268 - 288,
  • Journal articles | 2024
    Trueb L; Gacutan J; Praphotjanaporn T; Alarcon Blazquez M; Milligan B, 2024, 'Identifying the institutional modalities for commencing Environmental-Economic Accounting for the ocean', Marine Policy, 170,
    Journal articles | 2023
    Gacutan J; Oliver JL; Tait H; Praphotjanaporn T; Milligan BM, 2023, 'Exploring how citizen science projects measuring beach plastic debris can support UN Sustainable Development Goals', Citizen Science: Theory and Practice, 8,
    Journal articles | 2023
    Loureiro TG; Milligan B; Gacutan J; Adewumi IJ; Findlay K, 2023, 'Ocean accounts as an approach to foster, monitor, and report progress towards sustainable development in a changing ocean – The Systems and Flows Model', Marine Policy, 154,
    Journal articles | 2022
    Gacutan J; Galparsoro I; Pınarbaşı K; Murillas A; Adewumi IJ; Praphotjanaporn T; Johnston EL; Findlay KP; Milligan BM, 2022, 'Marine spatial planning and ocean accounting: Synergistic tools enhancing integration in ocean governance', Marine Policy, 136,
    Journal articles | 2022
    Gacutan J; Lal KK; Herath S; Lantz C; Taylor MD; Milligan BM, 2022, 'Using Ocean Accounting towards an integrated assessment of ecosystem services and benefits within a coastal lake', One Ecosystem, 7,
    Journal articles | 2022
    Gacutan J; Pınarbaşı K; Agbaglah M; Bradley C; Galparsoro I; Murillas A; Adewumi I; Praphotjanaporn T; Bordt M; Findlay K; Lantz C; Milligan BM, 2022, 'The emerging intersection between marine spatial planning and ocean accounting: A global review and case studies', Marine Policy, 140,
    Journal articles | 2022
    Loureiro TG; Gacutan J; Milligan BM; Praphotjanaporn T; Findlay K, 2022, 'Every account counts for sustainable development: lessons from the African CoP to implement ocean accounts in the Western Indian Ocean region', Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, 2022, pp. 139 - 165,
    Journal articles | 2021
    Maes MJA; Pirani M; Booth ER; Shen C; Milligan B; Jones KE; Toledano MB, 2021, 'Benefit of woodland and other natural environments for adolescents’ cognition and mental health', Nature Sustainability, 4, pp. 851 - 858,
    Journal articles | 2021
    Niner HJ; Jones PJS; Milligan B; Styan C, 2021, 'Exploring the practical implementation of marine biodiversity offsetting in Australia', Journal of Environmental Management, 295, pp. 113062,
    Journal articles | 2021
    Nuttall P; Newell A; Rojon I; Milligan B; Irvin A, 2021, 'Pacific island domestic shipping emissions abatement measures and technology transition pathways for selected ship types', Marine Policy, 132,
    Journal articles | 2021
    Parikh P; Diep L; Hofmann P; Tomei J; Campos LC; Teh T-H; Mulugetta Y; Milligan B; Lakhanpaul M, 2021, 'Synergies and trade-offs between sanitation and the sustainable development goals.', UCL Open Environ, 3, pp. e016,
    Journal articles | 2020
    Fairbrass A; Mace G; Ekins P; Milligan B, 2020, 'The natural capital indicator framework (NCIF) for improved national natural capital reporting', Ecosystem Services, 46,
    Journal articles | 2020
    Fenichel EP; Addicott ET; Grimsrud KM; Lange GM; Porras I; Milligan B, 2020, 'Modifying national accounts for sustainable ocean development', Nature Sustainability, 3, pp. 889 - 895,
    Journal articles | 2020
    Luisetti T; Ferrini S; Grilli G; Jickells TD; Kennedy H; Kröger S; Lorenzoni I; Milligan B; van der Molen J; Parker R; Pryce T; Turner RK; Tyllianakis E, 2020, 'Climate action requires new accounting guidance and governance frameworks to manage carbon in shelf seas', Nature Communications, 11,
    Journal articles | 2020
    Maes MJA; Jones KE; Toledano MB; Milligan B, 2020, 'Accounting for natural capital has cross-cutting relevance for UK public sector decision-making', Ecosystem Services, 44,
    Journal articles | 2019
    Fuso Nerini F; Sovacool B; Hughes N; Cozzi L; Cosgrave E; Howells M; Tavoni M; Tomei J; Zerriffi H; Milligan B, 2019, 'Connecting climate action with other Sustainable Development Goals', Nature Sustainability, 2, pp. 674 - 680,
    Journal articles | 2019
    Hermes JC; Masumoto Y; Beal LM; Roxy MK; Vialard J; Andres M; Annamalai H; Behera S; D'Adamo N; Doi T; Feng M; Han W; Hardman-Mountford N; Hendon H; Hood R; Kido S; Lee C; Lee T; Lengaigne M; Li J; Lumpkin R; Navaneeth KN; Milligan B; McPhaden MJ; Ravichandran M; Shinoda T; Singh A; Sloyan B; Strutton PG; Subramanian AC; Thurston S; Tozuka T; Ummenhofer CC; Unnikrishnan AS; Venkatesan R; Wang D; Wiggert J; Yu L; Yu W, 2019, 'A sustained ocean observing system in the indian ocean for climate related scientific knowledge and societal needs', Frontiers in Marine Science, 6,
    Journal articles | 2019
    Maes MJA; Jones KE; Toledano MB; Milligan B, 2019, 'Mapping synergies and trade-offs between urban ecosystems and the sustainable development goals', Environmental Science and Policy, 93, pp. 181 - 188,
    Journal articles | 2019
    Milligan B; O'Keeffe M, 2019, 'Global Governance of Resources and Implications for Resource Efficiency in Europe', Ecological Economics, 155, pp. 46 - 58,
    Journal articles | 2019
    Pearson RG; Martínez-Meyer E; Velázquez MA; Caron M; Corona-Núñez RO; Davis K; Durán AP; García-Morales R; Hackett TD; Ingram DJ; Díaz RL; Lescano J; Lira-Noriega A; López-Maldonado Y; Manuschevich D; Mendoza A; Milligan B; Mills SC; Moreira-Arce D; Nava LF; Oostra V; Owen N; Prieto-Torres D; Soto CR; Smith T; Suggitt AJ; Haristoy CT; Velásquez-Tibatá J; Díaz S; Marquet PA, 2019, 'Research priorities for maintaining biodiversity's contributions to people in LatinAmerica.', UCL Open Environ, 1, pp. e002,
    Journal articles | 2019
    Taylor SFW; Roberts MJ; Milligan B; Ncwadi R, 2019, 'Measurement and implications of marine food security in the Western Indian Ocean: an impending crisis?', Food Security, 11, pp. 1395 - 1415,
    Journal articles | 2018
    Fuso Nerini F; Tomei J; To LS; Bisaga I; Parikh P; Black M; Borrion A; Spataru C; Castán Broto V; Anandarajah G; Milligan B; Mulugetta Y, 2018, 'Mapping synergies and trade-offs between energy and the Sustainable Development Goals', Nature Energy, 3, pp. 10 - 15,
    Journal articles | 2018
    Fuso Nerini F, 2018, 'Shore up support for climate action using SDGs.', Nature, 557, pp. 31,
    Journal articles | 2017
    Niner HJ; Milligan B; Jones PJS; Styan CA, 2017, 'A global snapshot of marine biodiversity offsetting policy', Marine Policy, 81, pp. 368 - 374,
    Journal articles | 2017
    Niner HJ; Milligan B; Jones PJS; Styan CA, 2017, 'Realising a vision of no net loss through marine biodiversity offsetting in Australia', Ocean and Coastal Management, 148, pp. 22 - 30,
    Journal articles | 2017
    Pedro A; Ayuk ET; Bodouroglou C; Milligan B; Ekins P; Oberle B, 2017, 'Erratum to: Towards a sustainable development licence to operate for the extractive sector (Mineral Economics, (2017), 30, 2, (153-165), 10.1007/s13563-017-0108-9)', Mineral Economics, 30, pp. 167,
    Journal articles | 2017
    Pedro A; Ayuk ET; Bodouroglou C; Milligan B; Ekins P; Oberle B, 2017, 'Towards a sustainable development licence to operate for the extractive sector', Mineral Economics, 30, pp. 153 - 165,
    Journal articles | 2017
    Scott J; Smith T; Rehmatulla N; Milligan B, 2017, 'The promise and limits of private standards in reducing greenhouse gas emissions from shipping', Journal of Environmental Law, 29, pp. 231 - 262,
    Journal articles | 2016
    Terama E; Milligan B; Jiménez-Aybar R; Mace GM; Ekins P, 2016, 'Accounting for the environment as an economic asset: global progress and realizing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development', Sustainability Science, 11, pp. 945 - 950,
    Journal articles | 2014
    Milligan B, 2014, 'Planning for offshore CO2 storage: Law and policy in the United Kingdom', Marine Policy, 48, pp. 162 - 171,
    Journal articles | 2010
    Kopela Oral Noussia Tsamenyi Barnes R; Metcalfe Palma D; Milligan B; Mfodwo K, 2010, 'Publisher’s Note', The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 25, pp. 1 - 1,
    Journal articles | 2010
    Tsamenyi M; Palma MA; Milligan B; Mfodwo K, 2010, 'The European council regulation on illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing: An international fisheries law perspective', International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 25, pp. 5 - 31,
    Journal articles | 2009
    Rose G; Milligan B, 2009, 'Law for the Management of Antarctic Marine Living Resources: From Normative Conflicts towards Integrated Governance?*', Yearbook of International Environmental Law, 20, pp. 41 - 87,
    Journal articles | 2009
    Tsamenyi M; Schofield C; Milligan B, 2009, 'Navigation through archipelagos: Current state practice', Center for Oceans Law and Policy, 13, pp. 413 - 454,
  • Preprints | 2021
    Maes MJA; Pirani M; Booth ER; Shen C; Milligan B; Jones KE; Toledano MB, 2021, Benefits of natural habitat particularly woodland on children’s cognition and mental health,
    Preprints | 2021
    parikh P; diep L; hofmann P; Tomei J; Campos L; Teh T-H; Mulugetta Y; Milligan B; Lakhanpaul M, 2021, Synergies and Trade-offs between Sanitation and the Sustainable Development Goals, ,
    Reports | 2020
    Bordt M; Milligan B; Praphotjanaporn T, 2020, Technical Guidance on Ocean Accounting for Sustainable Development, UNESCAP and Global Ocean Accounts Partnership, Version 0.8 Consultation Draft,
    Preprints | 2020
    Fairbrass A; Mace G; Ekins P; Milligan B, 2020, The Natural Capital Indicator Framework (NCIF): A framework of indicators for national natural capital reporting, ,
    Preprints | 2020
    parikh P; diep L; hofmann P; Tomei J; Campos L; Teh T-H; Mulugetta Y; Milligan B; Lakhanpaul M, 2020, Synergies and Trade-offs between Sanitation and the Sustainable Development Goals, ,
    Reports | 2019
    Milligan B; Mehra M, 2019, Environmental law-making for sustainable development: A guide for legislators, UN Environment, ,
    Reports | 2019
    Porras I; Mohammed E; Milligan B; James P; Harper S; Pochet G; Vargas R; Merayo E; Steele P, 2019, No hidden catch: Mainstreaming values of small-scale fisheries in national accounts, IIED,
    Other | 2019
    Milligan B (ed.), 2019, Beneath the Surface of the First World Ocean Assessment: An Investigation into the Global Process’ Support for Sustainable Development., Frontiers Media,
    Reports | 2017
    Ekins P; Hughes N; Milligan B, 2017, Rapid Assessment on the Prospects and Economic Implications of Resource Efficiency:,
    Reports | 2017
    Ekins P; Hughes N; Pye S; Winning M; Macrory R; Milligan B; Hazeldine S; Watson J, 2017, The role of CCS in meeting climate policy targets, Global CCS Institute,
    Reports | 2017
    Helsingen H; Milligan B; Dailey M; Bhagabati N, 2017, Greening China’s Belt and Road Initiative in Myanmar: Rapid Assessment of Opportunities and Risks for Myanmar’s Natural Capital, ,
    Reports | 2017
    Martinez Romera B; Smith T; Milligan B; Andersson K; Grahn M, 2017, Nordic Action for a Transformation to Low-Carbon Shipping, 2017:544, ,
    Other | 2017
    Milligan B; Kariuki JG; Bodouroglou C; Ayuk E; Pedro A; Oberle B, 2017, Consultation paper: Towards a Sustainable Development Licence to Operate for the extractive sector, UN International Resource Panel, ,
    Theses / Dissertations | 2013
    Milligan B, 2013, Legal and policy options for the provisional management of maritime spaces subject to overlapping jurisdictional claims,
    Preprints |
    parikh P; Diep L; Hofmann P; Tomei J; Campos LC; Teh T-H; Mulugetta Y; Milligan B; Lakhanpaul M, Mapping Synergies and Trade-Offs between Sanitation and the Sustainable Development Goals, ,

Illustrative appointments and public service:

  • Advisory Board member, UK Global Challenges Research Fund
  • Science Theme Co-Chair,
  • Member of UN Environment International Resource Panel Working Group on
  • Member of Expert Group advising the
  • Policy Advisory Panel member, Global Environment Facility Blue Forests Project
  • UK Government review

Illustrative clients and partners:

  • National governments: Australia, Cambodia, Myanmar, United Kingdom, and others with a particular focus on the Asia-Pacific region.
  • Intergovernmental bodies: ACP Group of States, Commonwealth, European Union, Global Environment Facility, International Maritime Organisation, Nordic Council of Ministers, UN agencies.
  • Non-governmental organisations: Global Legislators Organisation, Pew Charitable Trusts, WWF.