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Healthcare providers have cut through in the fight against online misinformation — leaning on compassion, humour and digital savvy to reach users.

Misinformation and "fake news" are by no means new, but the speed at which it can spread through social media makes responding to it particularly challenging. When it involves healthcare, those stakes become even higher. 

But a community of obstetrician gynaecologists have broken through in the fight against misinformation, helping educate followers using an approach that balances compassion with expertise. 

Social media's rapid dissemination can be a double-edged sword: it benefits us learning about global events quickly, but raises problems when incorrect information finds millions of people very quickly. 

For example, there are  uploaded to YouTube every minute. By the time a video has been flagged as misleading and reviewed, then removed, it may have reached millions of people and been reposted on other platforms.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, misinformation about the virus and the vaccine proliferated, with researchers noting it had a  on discouraging vaccine uptake. 

The impacts of misinformation more generally, while hard to measure, have been connected to .

Fighting misinformation

Social media companies have  to the spread of misinformation on their platforms by showing pop-ups when users share an article prompting you to read it first (seen on X, formerly known as Twitter), or an info box directing them to an official source of information when searching a term like "COVID", as is done on platforms like Instagram, TikTok and Facebook. 

At the same time, many platforms benefit and profit from the circulation of information — irrespective of its quality — so it's unsurprising that many of these strategies have had a  on containing misinformation.

 suggests that "confirmation bias" — our propensity to believe information that affirms beliefs we already hold — plays a big role in the spread of misinformation, especially on social media. 

 which examined how well social media users can detect misinformation showed that flagging fake news as such had no impact on how trustworthy participants rated it. 

The same study reported that social media users were much more likely to believe a news headline that aligned with their beliefs than one that did not.

To get a better understanding of how misinformation works and ·É³ó²âÌýit works, it’s helpful to first understand why people seek information — particularly about their health —  from social media.

Sexual health information sources

Recently, we’ve been studying how young people access information about menstruation and sexual health. We’re trying to understand how they think about social media and content creators as part of the range of perspectives and sources of information available to them. 

In, we interviewed nine young Canadians about their experiences learning about menstruation and found that many used social media as a more personalised source of information, where they could follow creators whose experiences felt more closely aligned with their own. 

When it comes to sensitive topics such as sexual health, feeling like the source of the information ³Ü²Ô»å±ð°ù²õ³Ù²¹²Ô»å²õÌýyour experience was identified as very important, perhaps even more important than qualifications or expertise.

Given some participants described having had negative experiences with healthcare providers, finding very supportive and helpful content on social media further validated these beliefs.

These findings align with the earlier US research on confirmation bias on social media, given participants sought out perspectives that aligned with their own. However, there’s more to be explored that can tell us about how we can respond to misinformation. 

Building trust

 emphasised the important role intimacy plays in building trust between content creators and their audiences, rather than expertise. 

We analysed content created by obstetrician gynaecologists on TikTok to understand the educational strategies they use, as well as the way they respond to misinformation. There is a  of healthcare workers on the platform who create content about their work and lives.

In this case, even when focused specifically on expert creators (all the creators studied were qualified practising obstetrician gynaecologists), we found they employed strategies that fostered intimacy with their audience. 

While they did draw on their specialist expertise and qualifications to demonstrate their legitimacy, this was done in tandem with strategies that attempted to break down the formalities usually established in medical practice. 

They used humour to convey their messages, offered "behind the scenes" insights into their work lives and even their personal lives to establish a relationship with their audiences.

This approach extended to how they critically responded to health misinformation on the platform. It was common to see obstetrician gynaecologist creators  (a TikTok video format that pairs their video alongside another video, allowing them to comment on it) with videos containing misinformation in order to speak back to or clarify the claim(s) being made.

They often used humour to debunk myths they came across, frequently drawing on popular in-jokes circulating on TikTok at the time, demonstrating their membership in the community. 

Compassion and no judgment

Their content was also compassionate and non-judgemental, even when debunking misinformation. They did not shame those who fell for misinformation, but rather created a supportive space to redirect them. 

These practices align with , which concludes that, while shame can be a powerful motivator, it can also lead to serious harms such as avoiding treatment.

The videos also often acknowledged the problems within the medical industry, such as sexism or racism — further establishing trust with followers who may have had difficulty with healthcare providers in the past.

Obstetrician gynaecologist creators on TikTok developed a strong connection with their audience using strategies that would be familiar to any social media influencer, and they leveraged these strategies to combat health misinformation. 

Rather than focusing only on removing misinformation from the platform, they used this content to create a productive dialogue with their audiences. 

Though this strategy has limited applications and is not going to be a silver bullet when it comes to tackling misinformation, it models how debunking can be part of a supportive, rather than shame-based, approach.

Dr Clare Southerton is a Lecturer in Digital Technology and Pedagogy at La Trobe University. Her research explores how social media platforms and other digital technologies are used for learning and sharing knowledge, as well as misinformation and conspiracy theorising. Her work has explored digital youth cultures, surveillance and privacy, digital health and sexuality.

Dr Marianne Clark is a Visiting Fellow at the Vitalities Lab, UNSW, Sydney and an Assistant Professor in the School of Kinesiology, Acadia University, Canada. Her research interests include girls’ and women's health with a focus on embodiment as well as the intersections of physical and digital cultures.

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