51�Թ�app

The federal government has scrambled in recent days to minimise the political fallout from its treatment of the Tamil family from Biloela. After almost two years stuck on Christmas Island, the Murugappans are now being permitted to return to the mainland under community detention while their asylum case is settled.

Last week, Foreign Affairs Minister Marise Payne raised the prospect of resettling the family in New Zealand or the US, before Home Affairs Minister Karen Andrews , saying they are not eligible because they have not been found to be refugees.

All this talk has caused much , and sparked questions around what Canberra is doing to resolve the plight of other displaced people to whom it has refused entry — namely, the of refugees who have been held for years in Australia’s system of offshore processing.

Andrews has said the Australian government is exploring resettlement overseas for “” of people. The minister’s is apparently on refugees who were held offshore in Papua New Guinea and Nauru, and are currently in Australia for medical treatment.

The chance of a resettlement deal with New Zealand for these refugees is to be gaining traction — although there are no tangible results yet.

As of last month, there are approximately 200 refugees who have been approved for entry to the United States and are waiting to depart, and a further 260 in advance of final health checks.

Who is eligible for resettlement in another country?

For a start, it helps to understand why Canberra wants other countries to resettle refugees who sought protection in Australia.

On July 19 2013, the Rudd Labor government introduced a hardline ban on entry: people who sought asylum by boat on or after that date, and were transferred to PNG or Nauru, would never settle in Australia. This has been maintained under successive Liberal governments, and a total of people were sent offshore.

The ban has been criticised for its “” — the idea that the admission of any one person would cause the entire system of border control to collapse.

This is despite the fact Australia has under international refugee and human rights law to protect people fleeing persecution or other serious human rights violations.

A central plank of this absolutism is that asylum seekers who arrive by boat, and are found to be refugees, will only ever be able to secure a durable and humane solution in another country – if such an opportunity can be found.

Refugees protesting against Australia’s policies outside the UNHCR representative office in Indonesia in 2019. Photo: Tatan Syuflana/AP

For those not subject to the hardline ban on entry — some who sought asylum by boat after mid-2012 and before January 1 2014, and were not transferred offshore — a complex legal regime narrows their path to protection in Australia.

These people are subject to and a lot of uncertainty. The Biloela family have had to deal with this “” system, having arrived before the ban came into effect.

Deals with third countries

After the ban, successive Australian governments have tried to make deals with third countries to resettle those who were sent to PNG or Nauru.

A 2014 agreement with Cambodia was said to , and was ultimately taken up by just a handful of refugees. In 2015, the Philippines was wooed by Australian officials for a potential deal to resettle refugees worth $150 million that never eventuated.

Read more:

The 2016 deal with Washington promised hope for those held offshore. Negotiated with the Obama administration, the deal was soon subject to the whims of President Donald Trump, with resettlement stalling several times.

In a with then-Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull that was leaked to the media, Trump lambasted what he called a “stupid deal” that could allow Australia to export new “Boston bombers” to the US. Turnbull, in turn, provided reassurance that Australia would resettle Central American refugees from the US, telling Trump, “we will take anyone that you want us to take”.

While Trump and Turnbull bickered, the young writer Imran Mohammad, held in detention on Manus Island, “the Australian government has no proper plans for our future”.

Amid long delays in resettlement to the US, non-profit organisations have recently taken up the cause, with one group securing up to in Canada last month for refugees still held in limbo under the offshore policy.

Contrary to ‘common decency’

Resettlement deals aren’t new. On several occasions since the 1960s, Australia has offered to resettle refugees whose journeys to the US were politically contentious. This includes generations of Cubans who have tried to flee their island nation since the early 1970s. As recently as 2017, Australia found clinging to a lighthouse off the coast of Florida.

These transfers have been upheld by both governments as a sign of bilateral goodwill and cooperation. But the UN refugee agency UNHCR has been less impressed, noting that Canberra’s insistence on denying entry to Australia for even those refugees who have close family in the country is “to common decency”.

Read more:

No easy answer

This coming year, Australia will spend around to maintain its onshore and offshore detention centres. Many of the people within that system have been held in limbo for years.

The government rhetoric has not softened on the issue, either, not even with Tharnicaa Murugappan in a Perth hospital after contracting a blood infection caused by untreated pneumonia.

To release these two young children and their parents back to Biloela, the argument goes, would reignite the people smuggling trade – what Attorney-General Michaela Cash has called the “ of blinking”.

But this approach has a significant , and damages Australia’s reputation abroad. The , and the treatment of the young family from Biloela, have earned Canberra plenty of in the international press.

With long delays and no guarantees, it is clear that resettlement deals cannot get Australia “”, either.

, Senior Research Fellow, Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law,

This article is republished from under a Creative Commons license. Read the .